A Comparative Investigation of Salivary Alkaline Phosphatase Enzyme Levels and Salivary IgA in Correlation with Periodontal Health: An Analysis of Narghile-Only, Cigarette-Only male smokers: A REVIEW

Abstract

 Smoking cigarettes and narghile is well recognized as a significant risk factor for periodontal disease.
Salivary diagnostics such as s-IgA and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) are often used for this purpose.
The research sought to assess the concentrations of salivary ALP and s-IgA, as well as the state of
the periodontium, in individuals who smoke cigarettes exclusively (SC) and those who smoke
narghile exclusively (SN). The research comprises 125 males (SC) and 125 males (SN). To test the
levels of ALP and s-IgA, as well as the periodontal parameters simultaneously, saliva samples
collected from each participant, would be transferred to the software SPSS V.26. descriptive statistics
and an independent t-test to test the difference between the two groups. The findings demonstrated
substantial differences in the levels of ALP and s-IgA between the two groups, as well as significant
variations in the periodontal parameters. It is concluded that the smoking of cigarettes and narghile
has harmful effects on the health of periodontium, and the levels of salivary ALP and IgA have an
impact as biological markers for forecasting the incipience of periodontal disease.