EVALUATION OF IL-27, IL-33, OXIDATIVE STRESS, AND ANTIOXIDANT PARAMETERS IN SERA OF IRAQI OSTEOPOROSIS PATIENTS

الملخص

Background: Osteoporosis is a chronic disease of bone that leads to a reduction of bone mass and a disruption of the bone microarchitecture. Cytokines and oxidative stress have been implicated in its pathogenesis, as shown in recent studies. Interleukin-27 (IL-27) and interleukin-33 (IL-33) are immunomodulatory cytokines that may influence bone remodeling and redox balance.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine levels of IL-27, IL-33, TOS, TAS, MDA, and OSI in the blood of Iraqi osteoporosis patients and to explore the relationships among these markers.                             

Methods: A case-control study was conducted among 120 volunteers (osteoporosis patients and healthy individuals as the control group) who visited hospitals in Baghdad from September to December 2025. Sandwich ELISA kits were used to determine serum levels of IL-27 and IL-33. Colorimetric techniques measured TOS, TAS, and MDA levels. The OSI index was calculated by the formula of (TOS/TAS)×100. Statistical significance was defined as a p-value < 0.05, and data analysis was performed using t-tests, Pearson correlation coefficients, and ROC curves.

Results: Patients with osteoporosis showed considerably higher levels of IL-27, IL-33, TOS, MDA, and OSI than the control group and significantly lower TAS levels (p < 0.05). IL-27 and IL-33 were positively correlated with TOS, MDA, and OSI, while they were negatively correlated with TAS. Age had little effect. ROC curve analysis showed that all studied markers had good diagnostic performance.

Conclusion: Iraqi patients with osteoporosis exhibit a consistent pattern of elevated inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, along with decreased antioxidant capacity, indicating that immune activation and oxidative-reductive imbalance are closely linked to disease progression.