Al-Bayan Journal for Medical and Health Sciences
Al-Bayan Journal for Medical and Health Sciences is a peer reviewed journal covering all medical aspects with focus on (Medical, Dental, Pharmacy, health and medical tacnik and Nursing), published quarterly. ABJMHS is an academic journal published by Al-Bayan University in Baghdad, Iraq. ABJMHS is an open access Journal and that mean any user is allowed immediate free access to the works published in the journal and is permitted to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of [the] articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose. Frequency: ABJMHS Publish (2) Issues per year
Evaluation of Interleukine-6 Level and Genetic Variation with Celiac Disease in Iraqi Patients
The current study aims to evaluate the association between interleukin 6 levels and gene variation with celiac disease. This study included 40 Iraqi patients with CD diagnosed based on the criteria published by the ESPGHAN guideline and 30 volunteers as healthy control Samples were collected from patients visiting the private clinic of Dr. Mustafa Al-Mashehadani in Baghdad Governorate, Iraq, the result showed the age group of patients was for all ages and for both sexes. The investigation findings exhibited that the incidence of wheat allergy in males was higher than in females, as it was (57.5%) in males and (42.5%) in females. the distribution of the age groups most CD showed that the group 1-10 years is the group most recorded a rate of (42.5%) while the last group over 31 years old was at a rate of (12.5%). The level of interleukin 6, the findings revealed that there was a significant increase (p ≤ 0.01) in the level of interleukin 6 in CD patient at a rate of 32. 13 Pg/ml compared to healthy control at a rate of 23.78 Pg/ml. According to the molecular analysis, the TT genotype is more common in celiac disease patients (66.6%) than in healthy persons (26.7%). The homozygous allele pairs (TT, CC) were detected to be (70%) higher in celiac disease patients than in healthy controls (66.6%), but the heterozygous allele pairs (TC) were (30%) lower in celiac patients than in healthy controls (33.3%).
Copyright (c) 2025 Rawaa Najim Alkhamessi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Bone Augmentation Strategies for Implant-Site Development: Materials, Techniques, and Clinical application
Alveolar bone augmentation plays a pivotal role in ensuring predictable implant rehabilitation by restoring lost bone dimensions critical for both function and esthetics. Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) remains a key approach for achieving graft stability, space maintenance, and tension-free closure in complex defects. Integrating minimally invasive techniques and biologically compatible grafts has enhanced regenerative predictability, reduced complications, and supported long-term implant success. This review explores various bone graft materials, including autografts, allografts, xenografts, and alloplasts, highlighting their biological properties, osteoconductive and osteoinductive potential, and their clinical applications. A coherent and detailed search was done using terms “Autograft”, “Xenograft”, “Ridge Augmentation”, “Immediate implant”, “updates in bone graft application” from PubMed and google scholar database conducted till June 2025. Following that, all of publications were exhaustively investigated and well presented in this review. Implant therapy in compromised sites demonstrates high predictability when deficient alveolar bone is effectively reconstructed through Guided Bone Regeneration principles and the strategic selection of grafting materials. Clinical applications benefit from minimally invasive approaches and precise defect evaluation, leading to reduced complications and improved patient outcomes. Advances in biomimetic and bioactive graft materials are expected to further enhance bone regeneration, offering more predictable, minimally invasive, and long-lasting implant rehabilitation outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 dania oday (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Exploring the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Skin Disorders in Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Although skin conditions are more prevalent, they are typically chronic and non-fatal. A sizable amount of the worldwide illness burden is caused by dermatological disorders. Aims and Objectives: The goal of this study were to ascertain the frequency of skin conditions among medical students, contributing variables identification, and outline preventative measures. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Bayan University / Baghdad / Iraq. A pre‑tested self‑administered semi‑structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Questions likethe type of food consumption, frequency of head baths, exposure to sunlight,& usage of sunscreen were asked& recorded. Results:Most participants were aged 18-20 years old (56.8%). The majority were females (65.3%). Most of the participants were pharmacy students (73.7%), and the majority were in their second year of the study (64.2%). The most reported skin condition was acne (64.2%), followed by skin allergies such as hives and contact dermatitis (14.7%) and sunburn (13.7%). There isa large proportion of the participants occasionally consumed fast food (46.35%), fruits and vegetables (35.8%), sugary foods (34.7%), and dairy products (36.8%). Moreover, exposure to environmental factors revealed close results for occasional exposed to pollution (29.5%), Direct sunlight (27.4%), and chemical products (31.6%). Most of the participants (42.1%) had 5-6 hours of sleep on average,and more than half never exercised. Also, (85.3%) were smokers, and only one participant was alcoholic. Most participants rated their stress levels between 5-7 out of 10 (45.3%), with a close percentage of 8-10 out of 10 stress levels (42.1%). (70.5%) claimed the use of skincare products when (65.7%) of them used daily. Conclusion:This study highlights the substantial influence of lifestyle and environmental variables on skin health and offers insightful information about the incidence of skin problems among university students in Iraq / Baghdad. The results show that acne, which affects a significant percentage of students, is the most frequently reported skin issue. The study also finds important lifestyle factors that are strongly linked to a number of skin diseases, especially dermatitis and acne, including sun exposure, pollution exposure, and dietary practices.According to the statistics, a sizable portion of participants frequently encounter environmental contaminants and follow poor eating habits, consuming a lot of fast food and sugary meals. Keywords: Skin disorder, Dermatitis, Skin conditions
Copyright (c) 2025 Baraa Ghassan Alani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Non-pharmaceutical Approaches for Pediatric Pain Management: Review of Literature
Background: Nonpharmacological management as an alternative approach to reducing pain intensity among children has recently been widely tested in experimental studies. Many types of nonpharmacological pain management were investigated at different medical invasive procedures. Therefore, it's difficult to determine which approach is more effective for pain reduction among children. That is why this review is made. Objectives: The current review aims to introduce an evidence base on pain management among children, through an evaluation and critique for the most evidence-based researches world-wide that applying the nonpharmacological approaches only. Methods: A narrative review study focused on pediatric nonpharmacological pain management studies, that carried out by searching the available databases such as Google Scholar, Research Gate, Semantic Scholar, and PubMed. The included studies were available free for download and were published for the last ten years. All selected studies were looking for the effect of nonpharmacological pain management among the pediatric population. 15 studies were selected according to study criteria out of 640 available studies. These studies were recorded by forming a data extraction form in a Microsoft Excel sheet to include authors name, year of publication, targeted sample, study design, methods of nonpharmacological pain management, and main findings of the study and recommendation. Results: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria, all studies include one type or more methods of nonpharmacological pain management for children, that tested the effect of such approaches on pain level. The non-nonpharmacological pain management approaches are approved to be as effective as and occasionally better than the pharmacological pain management approaches. Conclusion: This review highlights that adopting the nonpharmacological pain management approaches is effective and may be better than the pharmacological approaches in reducing the associated pain during medical procedures. This review draws a step for further research for new and creative approaches to decrease children's pain and increase their compliance during painful medical procedures.
non-pharmacological pain management, pediatric pain or children's pain, review of literature.
Copyright (c) 2024 Adraa Hussein Shawq https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
Nurses Knowledge about Application of Skin to Skin Contact in Delivery Room
Background: The oxytocin signaling pathways in both the baby and the mother are optimized by skin-to-skin contact at delivery. Oxytocin lessens the newborn's stress reaction to birth while inducing protective and sensitive caring characteristics in the mother. Objectives: Assessment of nurses-midwife's knowledge about application of skin to skin contact. Methodology: A descriptive study has been piloted to nurses-midwives; the data has been composed through a questionnaire format through interview with the study sample The questionnaire format is comprised of two parts, Demographic characteristics of nurses-midwives and Assessment knowledge of nurses-midwives about skin to skin. A purposive (nonprobability) sample which consisted of (65) nurses-midwives. The sample which collected from Al-Elwia Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ibn Al -Balidy for Maternity and Pediatric Hospital & Fatima Al-Zahra for Maternity and Pediatric Hospital. Data are investigated through the use Excel (Statistical package) and Descriptive statistic was used to analyze data Results: The outcomes of the study shown that the highest percentages (30.76%) at age group (20-29) years, (76.9%) for the married, the study revealed that the most nursesmidwives you have sufficient knowledge about skin to skin contact. Conclusions: The study founded that the most nurses-midwives have adequate knowledge about application skin to skin for newborn.
Nurses, Knowledge, Application, Skin to Skin Contact, Delivery Room
Copyright (c) 2024 Rajaa Tareq Hasan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
Nurses Knowledge toward Effects of Preterm Positioning undergoing Nasal Cannulation: A REVIEW
Background: Understanding nurses' knowledge regarding therapeutic positions is crucial for stabilize the physiological parameters of premature infants undergoing nasal cannula therapy. The aimed to assess nurses knowledge toward supine and prone positions on physiological parameters in premature infant undergoing nasal cannula; and it associated socio-demographic variables Methods: A descriptive study design was conducted at Private Nursing Home and Child Protection Hospitals in Baghdad Province, for the period of October 1st, 2023 to March 8th, 2024. The study sample consist of 50 nurses is selected according to non probability sampling approach. The questionnaire, consisting of 19-items measured on MCQ, was validated by experts and tested for reliability through a pilot study. Data collection involved self-report, and both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were applied for data analysis. Results: The findings indicate the average age of 29.69 ± 8.44 years, with the female group, 58%. Educational backgrounds of participants were diverse, 34.0% holding school nursing, and 32.0% working in general nursing. The majority of nurses had less than 5 years of a professional career, and about two third of them did not have any training. With regard to the nursing knowledge of supine and prone positions of preterm infants during nasal cannula, 62% of the nurses were found to have poor knowledge. Conclusions: The study highlights that the predictive factors such as age, education level, experience, and training courses underscore the need for targeted educational interventions. The study advocates for fostering a culture of continuous learning within healthcare settings to support ongoing professional development and enhance the care provided to premature infants. Recommendations: Integrate similar educational programs into nursing training to enhance nurses' understanding and performance in caring for premature infants in different positions were highly recommended.
Nurses knowledge, Physiological Parameters, Premature Infant
Copyright (c) 2024 Lubna Hasan Shamil Al-zuhairy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
DETERMINATION OF QUALITY OF NURSING CARE IN HEMATOLOGICAL UNITS: A REVIEW
Background: Hematological diseases rates have raised recently, which has put more strain on medical staff especially nurses and could have an impact on the standard of nursing care provided. It has been confirmed that the global research which were conducted to measure the quality of nursing care for patients in Hematological diseases units is almost limited. Purpose: To assess patients' satisfaction with the quality of nursing care in hematology units. To find out the relationship between demographic characteristics and patients' satisfaction level with the quality of nursing care. Methods: A cross-sectional study that was conducted in Baghdad Teaching Hospital. Whereas the sample size was (79 patients), employing the convenient sampling. Sample collection began (December 1st to January 1st). The international tool PSNCQQ-Ar was used to collect the sample. It comprises of 21 items: measuring the quality of nursing care based on patient satisfaction with the nursing care. Results: Patients were generally satisfied with the quality of nursing care in hematology units, in addition to there being no relationship between demographic characteristics and patients’ satisfaction with the quality of nursing care, with the exception of 2 characteristics which were (Job, For most of your hospital stay, were you in a room), whereas a relationship was found linking them to patients' satisfaction with the quality of nursing care with a P < 0.05. Conclusion: The researchers concluded that the quality levels of nursing care in hematology units are high and were not affected in light of these critical conditions.
Quality of Nursing Care, Hematological Units
Copyright (c) 2024 Zahraa Hussein https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
The Assessment of Serum Levels of TNF-α and INF-γ for both COVID-19 Infected before and after the Vaccination of PfizerBioNTech (a case-control study): A REVIEW
The virus that causes a respiratory disease called coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 is a member of a large family of viruses called coronaviruses. These viruses can infect people and some animals. SARS-CoV-2 was first known to infect people in 2019. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit a range of systemic manifestations that correspond to an intense inflammatory response and a cytokine storm, or rapid release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This study aims to estimate the serum levels of TNF-α and INF-γ among people in Baghdad after one month of receiving the full Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, and SARS-CoV-2 virus infection after Pfizer-BioNTech full vaccine respectively. A total of 120 individuals participated in this study conducted at the College of Medicine / Iraqia University. They were divided into four groups, each group containing 30 individuals. After one month, the study groups were categorized into PfizerBioNTech (BNT162b2) full vaccination, infected with SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 infection after full Pfizer vaccination, and control. The study showed a significant difference (P value <0.05) in the TNF-α and INF-γ serum levels of all groups compared to the control and for each group with each other except for the correlation between the infected non-vaccinated group and the infected vaccinated group which shows a non-significant difference (P value >0.05). Natural infection with SARS-CoV-2 with or without Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination can significantly increase the titers of TNF-α and INF-γ in serum.
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, TNF-α , INF-γ
Copyright (c) 2024 Khalid Khalaf Abdullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
Risk Factors Related to Urinary Tract Infection Among Pregnant Women Attending Al- Sawira Hospital in Waist City
Objective: To identify risk factors related to UTI among pregnant women And find relationship between UTI and demographic and reproductive variables Methods: A Case-Control study has been conducted from (1st November 2022 to 5th may 2023). A purposive sample of 200 pregnant women are selected from Sawira Hospital in Waist City,. Data was collected through interview of women using a questionnaire format was designed and contained (3) part demographic variable, Reproductive variables, variables related to UTI . Results :the present study revealed that the most age group ranged less than 25 years, some factors are showed significant such as age, short birth space, history of UTI and high parity and other not significant like source of water and history of abortion. Conclusions: The study shows that significant association with urinary tract infection are age, short birth space, previous attack of UTI, drying perin after urination, delay and decrease frequently of urination per day and increase sexual intercourse frequently and no urination after coitus and husband not wash genitals before coitus and factors which not have significant associated with UTI is source of water, educational level and history of abortion .
urinary tract infection, pregnant women, risk factors, waist
Copyright (c) 2024 Muna Abdul Kadhum Zeidan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
A Comparative Investigation of Salivary Alkaline Phosphatase Enzyme Levels and Salivary IgA in Correlation with Periodontal Health: An Analysis of Narghile-Only, Cigarette-Only male smokers: A REVIEW
Smoking cigarettes and narghile is well recognized as a significant risk factor for periodontal disease. Salivary diagnostics such as s-IgA and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) are often used for this purpose. The research sought to assess the concentrations of salivary ALP and s-IgA, as well as the state of the periodontium, in individuals who smoke cigarettes exclusively (SC) and those who smoke narghile exclusively (SN). The research comprises 125 males (SC) and 125 males (SN). To test the levels of ALP and s-IgA, as well as the periodontal parameters simultaneously, saliva samples collected from each participant, would be transferred to the software SPSS V.26. descriptive statistics and an independent t-test to test the difference between the two groups. The findings demonstrated substantial differences in the levels of ALP and s-IgA between the two groups, as well as significant variations in the periodontal parameters. It is concluded that the smoking of cigarettes and narghile has harmful effects on the health of periodontium, and the levels of salivary ALP and IgA have an impact as biological markers for forecasting the incipience of periodontal disease.
periodontal disease, smoking, ALP, IgA, saliva
Copyright (c) 2024 Noor Sabah Irhayyim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
Advancements in Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Oral Healthcare: From Traditional Practices to Personalized Medicine: A REVIEW
This review comprehensively examines the transformative impact of drug delivery systems (DDS) in oral healthcare, highlighting advancements from traditional methods to sophisticated nanotechnology-based approaches. Focusing on various dental conditions, from caries and periodontitis to oral cancer, the review explores the potential of nanocarriers, such as liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles, in enhancing treatment efficacy through targeted delivery and improved solubility. The future direction of DDS emphasizes optimizing nanoparticle release, ensuring safety, and understanding their interaction with the oral microbiome. The evolution of DDS is traced from early herbal remedies to modern nanoparticle-based systems, addressing key challenges in drug delivery, including solubility and systemic side effects. Preparation methods, such as solvent casting, hot melt extrusion, and lyophilization, are discussed for their roles in stabilizing and protecting drugs. The review further delves into the broad applications of DDS in various medical fields, including oncology, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes management, and discusses the emerging trends in personalized medicine, advanced biomaterials, and the integration of DDS with the oral microbiome. Nanotechnology's role in dentistry, particularly in developing dental nanorobots and nanocomposites, is highlighted, along with the significance of addressing oral pathologies with advanced DDS. The review concludes with a discussion on the challenges and future prospects in the field, emphasizing the need for clinical translation, co-delivery approaches, and interdisciplinary collaboration for advancing oral and systemic healthcare.
Pharmaceutics; Drug delivery system; Basic research; Application; Delivery strategy
Copyright (c) 2024 Suzan Mohammed Abdul Raheem https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
FROM HOME TO HORMONES: THE INFLUANCE OF DOMESTIC CHEMICALS ON FEMALE REPRODUCTIN: A REVIEW
Home chemicals in daily life, needs more research to be conducted to explore concerns about their possible effects on health, particularly on female reproductive function via endocrine system disruption. The effects of these factors can be complex, causing various menstrual cycle and fertility issues. This study in Baghdad, Iraq, examines the relationship between household medication use and women’s reproductive health. This initial study (Cross-Sectional) involved 305 women in Baghdad. Data were collected through direct interview through questionnaire. Statistical analysis was based on descriptive statistics and linear regression methods. Markedly, the study revealed a high degree of awareness among participants about the health risks posed by common household chemicals. This awareness suggests a potential indication for future research to examine the relationship between such perceptions and actual behavioral changes related to domestic hazardous products use. Conspicuously, most of participants reported taking steps to reduce exposure. Nevertheless, the data also showed knowledge gaps and resource restrictions, emphasizing the need for targeted educational interventions and support systems. Captivatingly, the study found that participants’ perceptions of health risks were consistent with findings reported in existing literature. A considerable concern and willingness showed by Participants to change practices to reduce exposure. Nevertheless, practicing safe practices varied widely, suggesting that culturally relevant interventions and programs are needed. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of reproductive health issues among women that use to regular home products with potential chemical effects in Baghdad .
Copyright (c) 2024 Jasim Aymen Khaleefah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
Risk Factors of Chronic Arthritis in Patients Attending Baghdad Teaching Hospital: A REVIEW
“Arthritis” is a disorder that affects the body joints, the word was delivered from mixing Latin and Greek origins. The current study aims to identify the common types of arthritis and its risk factors in patients attending the outpatient clinic in Baghdad Hospital of medical city. The study was cross sectional and the data was collected by direct interview and through a special questionnaire, the sample was randomly chosen and analysed through a descriptive statistical approach by using the known test chi-square. Recent study showed that most common type of arthritis was rheumatoid arthritis 86(57.4%). In addition, it noted that mostly 84(56%) who were in sampled study were aged (36-65) years most of them were females 122(81.3%), study findings appeared that a higher percent of BMI was among (overweight 25<) was 55(36.7%) and (obesity=>30) was 48(32%). The study concluded that so many factors may be associate with the incidence of chronic arthritis and there is variation in the effect of those factors, but the current study found that these factors may contribute to increase the incidence: female gender, Age group, Negative food consuming, obesity, housewife positions. Rheumatic arthritis was the most common form in disease frequency. Majority of the study sample were housewives. Most of the patients were females. More than half of the sample was young age group. Osteoarthritis patients were suffering from obesity. The study recommended establishing more healthy programs for early diagnosis, effective treatment and follow up patients, health education programs about doing some exercises, daily walking and eating healthy.
Body Mass, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Ambulatory Care, Health Education, Early Diagnosis
Copyright (c) 2024 Aws A. Shakir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN DENTAL RADIOLOGY
Artificial intelligence (AI) had a renaissance in late 1990s when the expert system of IBM (Deep Blue), defeated global chess champion Garry Kasparov. Early in the twenty-first century, the world was startled by the capabilities of powerful AI, such as Alphago and Watson, which exceeded human capabilities in domains which have been exclusive to humans. Deep learning (DL) has just made it possible for utonomous cars to operate on public roads and pass the Turing test, specifying that they are intelligent. AI is being utilized more frequently in healthcare for automating processes, especially in diagnosis to help physicians making decisions. Research and studies indicate that, in the opinion of experts, AI applications might be more beneficial for non-specialists and novices.
Vitamin C as a Possible Therapeutic and Prophylactic Agent
Vitamin C (VC) is considered a powerful antioxidant and enzyme cofactor that is essential in many biochemical pathways, such as redox reactions and collagen production. Scurvy, a historic disease that caused a large number of deaths among sailors in the 15th and 18th centuries, resulted from a clinical shortage of this essential component. The human body is unable to synthesize this material, so it requires exogenous VC to protect tissue integrity. Nowadays, VC gets a lot of interest due to its importance for various biological activities. An increasing number of articles study the relationship between this vitamin and the incidence of serious diseases, along with the progression and recovery of these diseases. In this review, we explore the effect of deficiency as well as the intake of VC on cancer prognosis, musculoskeletal injuries, skin care, immunity, infections, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer's, and psychiatric diseases. We concluded that VC intake could increase survival time in cancer patients, improve immunity, relieve allergic symptoms, preserve tissue integrity, protect skin from UV harmful effects, fight skin aging, and improve symptoms in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases
COMPARISON BETWEEN ORTHODONTIC PERMANENT AND REMOVABLE RETAINERS
Relapse is the term used when teeth go back to their original place after orthodontic treatment, so the success of an orthodontic treatment depends heavily on retention. Retainers, either permanent or removable ones, are used to avoid relapse. The purpose of this review is to compare the differences between fixed and removable retainers, and to determine which one works more efficient.
Investigating Commercial pure titanium corrosion behavior and a few other characteristics after being coated with a chitosan-hydroxyapatite nanoparticle mixture in a lab experiment
Introduction: Metals like titanium and its alloys are frequently used in the construction of medical equipment like dental and orthopedic implants. However, the presence of blood and other bodily fluids in the immediate surroundings may cause corrosion to this implant. Materials and Methods: The preparation of circular discs of commercially pure titanium (Cp-Ti) measuring 10mm in diameter and 2.5mm in thickness. To precipitate the coating layer, Ti samples have been immersed in a solution of Hydroxyapatite (HA) and chitosan for 90 minutes on a lowspeed stirrer. Samples were taken out and dried in the air as the initial coating step, and then they were immersed in the mixture once more for 15 minutes before being taken out and dried in a hot air oven (200 °C). Results: The results of coated titanium samples have demonstrated diverse surface features, with the present roughness connected with the appearance of a crystal pool and irregular accumulations of small, spherical-like grains. Thickness measurement found that the average thickness readings were 60 um. The Energy dispersive x ray studies revealed the presence of ions that made up the HA. The open circuit potential (OCP) corrosion test and ANOVA test revealed that coating with hydroxyapatite and chitosan significantly reduces the corrosion rate. Conclusions: Coating titanium implants with HA or chitosan will, respectively, speed up and slow down the pace of osseointegration and corrosion.
Nursing Students' Knowledge of Al-Bayan University Regarding Infection Control Strategies at Intensive Care Units
Introduction: One of the most significant causes of medical, social, and economic issues in both developed and developing nations is nosocomial infection (NI). The clear duty of nurses and nursing students is to implement preventative measures and lower the risk of infections (future nurses), this -demographic data. It is necessary to emphasize and focus on infection prevention and control since education has played a significant role in expanding the knowledge of infection control among healthcare personnel. There have been few studies examining this issue in relation to pre-graduation nursing students at Al-Bayan University. Methodology: A descriptive (cross-sectional) design was aim to identify the students' knowledge regarding infection control strategies at intensive care unit in Al- Bayan University through the application of an online questionnaire. The study started on 13th, January 2021 to the 5 th, June 2021. The study was carried out through an online questionnaire to the three educational levels (sophomore, junior and senior) in Al- Bayan University- College of Nursing. A simple random (probability) sample was used to select (227) participants. Electronic (virtual) classrooms were used to share the link of an online questionnaire; one month period was allotted to gather the maximum number of participants.Results: The study demonstrates that the majority of the subject (62%) were females and the remaining (38%) were males. It also shows that the study subject mostly lived in urban areas, that the third stage of the subject's college career recorded the highest percentage (97%) of the subject's college stages, and that the subject's distribution by marital status shows that the single and married take the highest percentages (75.4% and 19.7%, respectively), The majority (63.9%) of the study's sample demonstrates that students generally have little knowledge of emergency stroke management, that there are no statistically significant differences between genders in this area, that there is no relationship between marital status and knowledge, and that location has no bearing on students' knowledge. Conclusions: Senior, junior, and sophomore record the highest percentage respectively in the college records moderate to good knowledge regarding infection III control, in addition, the college stages and residence record high statistically
The Effect of Alcohol (ethanol) and Boiled Distilled Water in The Treatment of Oral Venous Malformations: A comparative study
Introduction: The head and neck region are a common location for benign blood vessel lesions called vascular malformations. There is no well-established procedure for reducing the size of benign oral vascular lesions, even though the fact that sclerotherapy is one of the first-line treatments utilized for this goal. The current study's purpose was to assess and contrast the effectiveness of intra-lesion sclerotherapy injections of boiled distilled water and alcohol in treating superficial mucosal vascular malformations in the maxillofacial region. Materials and methods: In the soft tissues of the craniofacial region, low-flow superficial vascular malformations were studied in cases that were treated between 2016 and 2021 at Al-Yarmouk teaching hospital in Baghdad, Iraq, in this retrospective analysis. Results: There were 20 patients in total who received sclerotherapy, with the age range from 1 to 57 years, ten (50%) of the cases treated using boiled distilled water and 10 (50%) treated by alcohol injection. The majority (60%) of the participants were women. The tongue (30%) and lips (60%) were the two most affected body parts. 16 individuals (80%) in both groups experienced total regression. The lesions partially regressed in four patients (20%). Conclusion: Sclerotherapy with alcohol or boiled water is an appropriate and cost-effective therapeutic method that, when carried out properly, exhibits effectiveness.
Psychological Status of Cancer Patients Caregivers in Baghdad
Introduction: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, is a disorder in which differentiated body cells change at a molecular level resulting in the loss of normal cell regulation, characteristics, and functions. Today, millions of people are living with cancer or have had cancer. Cancer patients need care and assistance from their family members, friends, as well as medical personnel. The study aimed to assess the psychological status among family caregivers of cancer patients. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was undertaken on 120 caregivers of cancer patients who were admitted to three Cancer hospitals in Baghdad, Data were collected by using GHQ-12 (general health questionnaire), to determine of psychological status from the 21th November (2021) to 20th July (2022). Data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics (percentage, frequency, and correlation). Results: The result of the study shows that 54.2% of caregivers were suffering from moderate psychological distress. There was statistically significant at the level of p=0.05. there was an association between psychological distress and socio-demographic variables like the relationship to a cancer patient (0.023), personal habits (0.043), and care for cancer patients at home (0.046). Conclusion: The investigator observed that the caregivers of cancer patients were having psychological problems and the caregivers who were having emotional problems they are more closed to patient and spend many times with them. Our results suggest that eliciting the perspectives of both understanding of their experience
Effect of Nd:YAG Laser Surface Treatment on Wettability of Thermoplastic Acrylic in Comparison with Heat-Cure Acrylic resin
Aim of the study: This study's goal was to determine how laser surface alteration affected wettability of injectable thermoplastic acrylic and heat cure acrylic denture base materials. Materials and methods: Injectable thermoplastic acrylic resin (Deflex) and heat cure acrylic (Procryla) were used in this study to produce forty-disc shaped specimens, 20 specimens for each material type. The control group was made up of ten samples of each type of plastic denture base material. The other ten samples were treated with a nano-pulse fiber-optic lens Nd:YAG laser. The results were looked at with the Kruskal-Wallis test and the unpaired t-test (a=.05). Results: Compared to the control groups, the laser-treated groups were more likely to stick together. Conclusions: After a Nd:YAG laser was used to treat the surface, both molded acrylic and heat cure acrylic became easier to wet.
Hyaluronic Acid Effect on Periodontal Parameters: Review
The periodontal apparatus requires the body's hyaluronic acid for extracellular matrices to function properly. It supports the processes underpinning the inflammatory and wounds heal processes. Hyaluronic acid is found in periodontium in varying concentrations, with higher concentrations found in non-mineralized structures like gingiva and periodontal ligament and reduced concentrations found in mineralized tissues like cementum and jaw bone. Recent research indicates that hyaluronic acid has the capacity to control periodontal tissue repair and therapy of periodontal disorder. For both deepest periodontium and peripheral gum, hyaluronic acid encourages symptomatic alleviation. The purpose of the current review was to look into the usage of hyaluronic acid in periodontal treatment and the publications that currently support it.
NURSING STUDENTS' KNOWLEDGE REGARDING EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH STROKE AT AL-BAYAN UNIVERSITY
This study aims to assess the nursing students' knowledge regarding emergency management of patientswith stroke and to find out the relationship between nursing students' knowledge and their sociodemographic characteristics.A cross-sectionaldesign studywas carried out through the application of an online questionnaire. Thestudy started on13rdJanuary 2021to 8thAugust 2021. The present study was carried out in Al-Bayan university / College of nursing / third and fourth stages.The sample was (183) participants who were randomly selected. The level of knowledge was measured according to the degree of student answer(less than 50 degree= low, 50-59 = accepted,60-69= moderate,70-79= good, 80-89 =very good, thereis no answer more than 89 degree).All the Items of the two domains were rated and scored as {correct, incorrect} (1, 2) respectively.The study demonstrates that the majority (62%) of the subject was males and (38%) was females.The fourthstage records the highest percentage in the college stages of the study subject, Distribution of the subject by their marital status demonstrates that single and married takes the highest percentage (75.4% and 19.7 %) respectively, The majority (63.9%) of the study sample record low level of knowledge toward emergency management of stroke. From the present study findings, the researchers havethe following conclusions: Most students have a low score of knowledge about emergency management of stroke, so more emphasisis needed on the importance of emergencymanagement of stroke. There is no relationship between students' knowledge and socio-demographic characteristics.
REVIEW IN NEW METHODS USED IN TREATMENT OF ENDODONTIC TREATED TEETH
Concerns about the best technique to recover a tooth after a root canal procedure frequentlyarise in dental clinics. While the importance of the ferrule impact on the predictable restoration of teeth with root canals is widely acknowledged, other factors, such as residual dentalvolume, tooth location, number of proximal contacts, timing of the conclusive restoration, and the existence of cracks, have been reported to influence restoration and tooth survival. Re-evaluation of scientific literature is prompted by the ongoing advancement of dental materials and treatments as well as a trend toward less aggressive endodontic-restorative techniques. The purpose of this review of literature is to offer an up-to-date summary of current clinical literature about the restoring of teeth with filled roots.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES AMONGST PATIENTS ATTENDING THE PERIODONTICS CLINICS AT THE COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY, AL-BAYAN UNIVERSITY, WEST OF BAGHDAD, IRAQ
Aims:A retrospective study was accomplishedto evaluate the prevalence of periodontal diseasesinvolving 2280 patients who were came the College of Dentistry, periodontics clinics, Al-Bayan University west of Baghdad, Iraq. During the period of 12th October, 2021 to 30th May, 2022. Methods:Collection and evaluation of data from the patients’ case sheets of the College of Dentistry who came from 1stOctober 2021 to 30thMay 2022. Results:The totalnumber of patients were 2280, the mean age 36.74 (ranged 16~65) years, (966), 42.36% males and(1314), 57.63%, females, found 239 (10.48%) healthy patients, and (2041), 89.51% exhibit different forms of periodontal diseases. Gingivitis represents 1447 (63.46%), divided to 636 (27.89) males, and 811 (35.57) females.Total numeral of tested population smitten with periodontitis was 594 (26.04%), distributed to 243 (10.65) males, and 351 (15.39) females. Conclusion:Using the findings of the study, more effort can be made to ensure that the public has healthy periodontal tissue.
PEDIATRIC NURSES' KNOWLEDGE REGARDING COLOSTOMY AT PEDIATRIC HOSPITALS IN BAGHDAD CITY
The study aims to assess nurses’ knowledgeabout childrenwith colostomy conditions in surgical wards. Non probability (purposive) sample of (50) nurses were chosenfrom surgical units at Teaching Hospitals in Baghdad City,thestudy instrument consisted of 2major parts. The First part regarding to nurses’ demographic data,the second part related to nurse's knowledge about surgical of child's admission with colostomy and composed of(25) items of nurses’knowledge. The data were collection through it the using of constructed questionnaire which is consisted of (31) items and filled by usinginterview method. The results of the study showed that half of the sample ranged between the ages of (20-25) years, and that (86%) of them were females, and (54%) were secondary nursing graduates. With regard to the number of years of service in surgical wards, (64%) of them have Between (1-5) years of experience, while (74%) of them participated in a training course on colostomy care, and that (68%) of them participated in the courses inside Iraq and more than a quarter of them did not have the opportunity to participate in the training courses.Concerning nurses’knowledge,the result indicated that from (25) items, (8) of them were highly significant, (13) items were significant, while only (4) items were not significant. The result indicated that nurses had significant knowledge concerning colostomy care, with respect to the total mean of score which was (2.30).The study recommended the importance of having an educational and training program for surgical department nurses about children with this type of surgeries, focusing on following up on children with digestive problems, including colostomy, and the level of education of nurses in order to improve children's condition regarding colostomy, and the need to increase the number of professional nurses towards colostomy surgery. colonoscopy and modify and enhance nurses' knowledge of colostomy through continuing education programs.
ECTOPIC MAXILLARY WISDOM TOOTH INTO THE MEDIAL WALL OF MAXILLARY SINUS WITH ODONTOGENIC KERATOCYST:CASE REPORT
It is uncommon for a tooth to break-outside of the oral-cavity. Ectopic eruption of the chin and nasal. Cavities havebeen reported in the past. This is a representation of an ectopic wisdom-tooth with a cystic lesion in the maxillary sinus and roots that extend into the lateral wall of the nose. Surgical removal of an impacted wisdom tooth with cystic lesion have been done to a 17 years old boy, the histopathological examination revealsodontogenic keratocyst. To our knowledge, the combination of an ectopic wisdom tooth at medial wall of the maxillary sinus and odontogenic keratocyst (The case under discussion) is not reported before
THE HISTOPATHOLOGIC AND GEOGRAPHIC PATTERN OF STOMACH CANCER IN IRAQ(2000-2007)
Retrospectively we studied case sheets of gastric cancer patients in Iraq during our work in the cancer council in MOH; about 3412 newly diagnosed cases were reported during eight years (2000-2007). These data were brought from all Iraqi governorates and general and private hospitals, and by reviewing the histopathology of all patients and geographically, we concentrated on the year 2007 because the data available more regarding results of histopathology. As in other countries, we found that adenocarcinoma is the most common 58.6%, while the highest incidence is reported in Duhok, Najaf, and Kirkuk.
ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF BACTERIA CAUSING DENTAL CARIES ISOLATES FROM IRAQI PATIENTS
This study aims to test the antibiotic resistance ofstreptococcus mutants, one of the major causes of dental caries for Iraqi patients of different ages. This study focuses on routine antibiotics used as a treatment for the patient suffering from dental caries and demonstrates whether these bacteria acquired resistance against these antibiotics or not. This study showed thatstreptococcus mutantsisolates from different patients have an approximately equal ratio of resistance to the routine antibiotics used to treat dental caries, such as amoxicillin, cefixime, and azithromycin.This study is based on the disc diffusion method for diagnosing antibiotic resistance. This study targeted patients chosen randomly from different medical care centers in Baghdad, especially in Al-karkh district, to show that the minimum inhibitory concentration MIC of different isolates ofstreptococcus mutantshave relative sensitivity to ceftriaxone and resistance to amoxicillin which can enhance more studies for controlling the antibiotics abused.
NANOGEL AS A UNIQUE TREND OF NANO-DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Nanogels are known as small (20–200 nm) swollen particles made of flexible hydrophilic polymer networks that are chemically or physically cross-linked. The nanogels network makes a promising system for ideal drug delivery due to the unique characteristics of nanogels, such as high drug loading capacity, ease of preparation, stability, adjustable size, uniformity, and minimal toxicity. Additionally, nanogel has biocompatibility, high water absorption, large surface area, and stimuli responsiveness; thus, they are utilized to improve and develop drug delivery systems and target a specific site of action to enhance drug activity and decrease potential adverse effects.Nanogels are prepared by various copolymerization methods, including photolithography, micro-molding, reverse micellar, homogeneous, and membrane emulsification.Nanogel has a high loading capacity depending on the polymer used, which reduces the number of carriers needed. Furthermore, the release of drugs can be controlled at the right time and proper place in response to specific conditions, like temperature and pH.A variety of nanogel applications were introduced to treat different diseases, including cancer, skin allergy or inflammation, and Alzheimer’s disease. Moreover, nanogel can be used in gene therapy and local anesthesia. Clinical trial studies suggest the development of nanogel for co-administration of multiple drugs, increase targeting, decrease systemic cytotoxicity of cancer medicines, and increase the efficacy of many drugs.The limitations of hydrogels served as the reason to fabricate nanoparticles hydrogels (nanogels) as new advanced DDS. The swelling and deswelling of nanogel controlled the loading and release of drugs in response to certain stimuli.